As I was going through the articles, I had tried using private browsing mode but was still not allowed to access the last article that was titled “The Power Of Altruism”. I will try to include how the readings I was able to access may relate to my example. Inside my example of team production with gift exchange, I will base it off of a successful team structure I have participated in. Inside the successful team structure I had participated in, the biggest contributing factor had been the fact that all members had motivation to achieve a common goal together. In this example of team production, as I had already said having a common goal is the key differentiating factor. However, I believe the hierarchy as well as the motives within the hierarchy were also important. To reiterate for the context of this post, in one of my previous posts I discussed the hierarchy of a successful team that I had participated in. In this team there had been a senior manager, project manager, senior consultants, as well as consultants. This hierarchy plays an important role in the example team because of how experience and knowledge are necessary for each position. One who knows how to lead a team as well as understand how to solve for a client’s needs will be designated as a project manager.
What drives the members in the example team are motivators that are both strongly extrinsic and intrinsic, high levels of motivation and the desire to achieve a common goal are key to create for successful team production. This way gift giving is maximized within the team as well. What I mean by this is that there may be intrinsic motivation of wanting to learn, be better professionally, improve problem solving skills, etc. Extrinsic motivations may be the desire to get promoted, provide something with genuine impact for the client, and more. This type of team culture and environment would encourage gift exchange because of how everyone on the team has a common goal that they are motivated to achieve. People would be going beyond simply what was required because they would have the desire to make something that brings real results for the client. Building a genuine relationship between the client’s teams as well as the hypothetical team would help drive this for everyone. Members would put more time into research, assignments, as well as helping each other make for better final products.
One thing that may be considered in this example of team production and gift exchange would be competition within the team if people are trying to move up in the hierarchy. A problem of people trying to act opportunistically within the team may become an issue. This is actually not something to be concerned about, though students are motivated to move upward in the ladder of the hierarchy the desire for the best possible conclusion of the project would be stronger. This way everyone would be trying to help each other. In terms of the readings, this model for good team production as well as gift exchange does relate relatively strongly to the readings. In the article “How to Get the Rich to Share the Marbles,” it is quite obvious that children share when they have to collaborate. This is the same idea that I have been discussing, that if the team is motivated to collaborate they will try to make the best final product possible rather than just do the best they can on their own. The next article discussing game theory and children’s obsession with equality is also an idea that can relate to a team with ideal production and gift exchange. Making sure equality among specified roles is important, but understanding the hierarchy is important for efficiency.
I'd like you to consider a different example for the sharing the marbles, because I'm unclear in your example whether there was monetary payment for doing the team work, or if there were some other reward (a credential for a future job interview) and, if so, how should it be considered? You treated the completing the project well itself as the reward, but these payments matter too and whether they are equal or not across the team members might be what is meant about sharing the marbles.
ReplyDeleteSo let's consider pro sports, major league baseball, specifically. During the season the different players on the team are paid differently, but if they make the playoffs, then it is typical to share the extra money from that equally across players. But there are issues like - a player who was a starter during the season (so contributed to them making the playoffs) gets injured before the playoffs start or early on into the playoffs, so doesn't contribute after that. Does this player get voted a full share, a partial share or nothing at all? Likewise, the player who substitutes on the roster for this injured player may not have played much during the season but does perform during the playoffs. Does that person get a full share of the playoff money and, if so, does that depend on how the player performed? or is it just for being on the team?
In a different context, you might consider how firm's award bonuses at year end and whether those bonuses are based on individual performance or firm-level performance. That would get at the same issue.
I'm sorry that it wasn't made clear within the post. In an ideal example the rewards would be monetary compensation as well as credential for the future, but what I feel would most important would be a personal drive to create something positively impactful for whoever the service is being provided to. This would be achieved by having close relationships with the client or customer in order to create for more intrinsic motivation. The payments would be according to levels of responsibility and work. However I believe the marbles would be what the team is working for together, the end product of the project, because in the situation with children it is when they worked together that they had chosen to share. The ideal is that everyone is motivated for what they are able to achieve together.
DeleteIn your example of sports, I believe that all members who contributed should be included in the sharing of payments. The player who had been injured would have to go through rehabilitation, depending on the severity of the injury, and I am assuming the injured player did whatever they could in order to get back as soon as possible. Similar to the injured player, the player who substitutes should be training just as much or more (if they are not playing) so they can be the best when it comes to time to play on the field. Assuming all players put their best foot forward, then equal payouts should be given from making playoffs. Individual salaries can be different as that would depend on the marginal revenue product for the team.
In ideal conditions, bonuses based on firm level production would be the best because everyone would be working for the highest level of output as a team. This would end up with the highest level of production for the group. Bonuses based on individual performance would encourage competition, which would encourage people to act opportunistically or selfishly in order to get themselves ahead. People competing against each other within a team where there is a common goal will not lead to the highest possible level of productivity. Firms with the highest levels of productivity will out-compete other firms in the long run.